CMV Elispot (2 antigens: lytic + latent)

CMV EliSpot (2 Antigens: Lytic + Latent)
AONM/ArminLabs

"AONM have checklists that help identify the most likely viral or bacterial infections to test for, based on patient symptoms. Please see https://aonm.org/checklists-for-testing/ or contact AONM at 03331 210305 or email info@aonm.org. We also offer different viral and bacterial panels, and are always happy to advise on testing options."

Please note this test requires a blood draw, please organise a phlebotomist for your patient. A return courier fee of £50 is included in this test price

Description:
This test reflects current (whether recent, chronic or reactivated) CMV (Cytomegalovirus) activity by targeting both lytic and latent antigens.

Cytomegalovirus (obligate intracellular), double-stranded DNA virus, one of the Herpes viruses.

It has been shown to be associated with (in some cases) ME, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, scleroderma, Meniere´s disease, lichen planus, pulmonary fibrosis, aphthous stomatitis, Type 1 diabetes, and other conditions.

The EliSpot is highly sensitive and can detect even one single CMV-reactive T-cell. With detection levels that can be as low as one cell in 100,000, the EliSpot is one of the most sensitive cellular assays available.

Methodology:
CMV EliSpot (2 Antigens: Lytic + Latent) (T-Cell-Spot / IGRA: Interferon-Gamma-Release Assay)

When should I use:
When a recent or chronic case of CMV infection is suspected, particularly to differentiate between active (lytic) and dormant (latent) phases of the virus.

Other details:
AONM has checklists that help identify the most likely viral or bacterial infections to test for, based on patient symptoms. Please see https://aonm.org/checklists-for-testing/ or contact AONM at 03331 210305 or email info@aonm.org. We also offer different viral and bacterial panels and are always happy to advise on testing options. The EliSpot can be helpful when monitoring therapies.

The EliSpot should usually become negative about 4 to 8 weeks after the completion of an effective therapy.

Lytic Antigens:

• Description: Lytic antigens are associated with the active, replicative phase of CMV infection. During this phase, the virus is actively producing new virus particles and infecting new cells.
• Symptoms Associated: Symptoms of active CMV infection may include fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and body aches. In immunocompromised individuals, more severe symptoms such as organ inflammation and damage can occur.

Latent Antigens:

• Description: Latent antigens are associated with the dormant phase of CMV infection. During this phase, the virus remains in the body in a dormant state, residing in certain types of cells, particularly in the bone marrow and immune cells. The virus does not actively replicate but can reactivate later.
• Symptoms Associated: Latent CMV infection is usually asymptomatic. However, reactivation can lead to symptoms similar to the initial infection, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Significance of Testing Both Phases:

• Differentiation: By testing for both lytic and latent antigens, the EliSpot can help differentiate between acute (active) and chronic (latent) stages of CMV infection.
• Treatment and Monitoring: Understanding whether CMV is in the lytic or latent phase can guide treatment decisions and help monitor the effectiveness of therapies, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those undergoing immunosuppressive treatments.

Biomarkers

CMV EliSpot (2 Antigens: Lytic + Latent)

Specification

Specimen Type:

3 x CPDA tube

Vitality of T-cells for LTT: Up to 3 days

Phlebotomy Type:

Blood draw at home or in a clinical setting